Associations between Body Image and Control, Existential Anxiety, Meaning, and Satisfaction with Life: Multiple Sclerosis vs. General Population

Body image is a multidimensional construct characterized by perceptions and assessments of the individual about own physical appearance. Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disorder, with several consequences that, in some patients, have an impact on body image. Also, previous research on control and preliminary findings on existential anxiety, meaning and satisfaction with life, indicate associations with body image. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether and in which way Body Image is related to Control (Desire for Control and Locus of Control), Existential Anxiety, Meaning in Life (Presence of Meaning and Search for Meaning in Life) and Satisfaction with Life, in two different groups, adults and individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. Empirical results have been derived from a sample of 638 participants (543 adults and 95 individuals with Multiple Sclerosis), reporting on seven questionnaires. Results indicated significant relations among Body Image dimensions and the remaining variables. Also, significant mean differences between the two groups emerged, regarding Body Shape Dissatisfaction, Existential Anxiety, Presence of Meaning in Life, Satisfaction with Life and Locus of Control. Additionally, explanatory models predicting Body Image dimensions were identified. Overall, the current study provides evidence that the examined variables have an impact on Body Image, revealing a new perspective on understanding of body image. Finally, research limitations and suggestions for future research are outlined.