Formulation Techniques, Characterization of Nanoemulsion and their Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Technical Review

Nanoemulsions are stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with large surface areas, strong stability, optical transparency, and adaptable rheology. These submicron-sized emulsions are being studied for drug delivery and targeting in cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies, and biotechnologies. This review explores various techniques for developing and characterizing nanoemulsions, their common formulations, merits, demerits, and current and future applications due to their unique structures and chemistries. The study emphasizes the importance of ideal formulations for nano-droplet systems, including droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stability, and optical and rheological characteristics.