PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SARS -nCoV-2: STRUCTURE, MODE OF INFECTION AND POSSIBLE TREATMENTS

Rapid advancement in technology had made the smooth survival of the human race in this 21st century. Besides these serious global disastrous diseases, hazards often emerged out. The human race has faced a serious health emergency due to the emergence of coronavirus first recognized in 2019 which is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, dead lymphocytes, and a cytokine gust or infusion reaction. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, a family of pleomorphic ss (+) RNA viruses. Its genome is associated with the N protein forming the nucleocapsid, coated with a spike glycoprotein-adorned membrane. it is reported that COVID-19 is primarily transmitted human-to-human via oral and respiratory aerosols and droplets with the virus-contaminated environment play a lesser role in the propagation of disease. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading worldwide, and WHO declared the outbreak of this disease a pandemic on March 11, 2020.Before curative drugs or vaccines are available, most countries implement a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including wearing masks, testing and tracing suspected cases, social distancing and even locking down COVID-19 epidemic centers. Although these NPIs have appeared to be effective in mitigating the initial wave of COVID-19, continually emerged COVID-19. Hence, in the current scenario, is has now become essential to control and finally irradicate this deadly disease using an effective vaccine. Researchers are engaged in the study of this life-threatening virus, and also they are successful to develop vaccines, UK has become the first to approve Pfizer/ BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and in India the first is Covi-shield (Adenovirus vector-based by Serum Institute of India Astra Zeneca based model with Research name: AZD1222 (ChAdOx1).The second is Covaxin (on Astra Zeneca model-based developed by Bharat Biotech). In approximately about two years globally every country got suffered from this pandemic. This document provides a clear understanding of the structure and organization of coronavirus with all the possible remedies/drugs recommended for its proper treatment. Moreover, this document addresses all the protective ventilation mechanisms given to a patient at the time of a health emergency.