Some Innovative Developments in Fit-for-Purpose Sustainable Construction Fills

Innovative and sustainable research developments need the intellectual process of constantly reviewing their fit-for-purpose realistic design. The plethora of challenging geo-environments and emerging project constraints preclude a single, quick-fix solution. Society-linked geo-environmental challenges need looking beyond adopting unsustainable backfilling methods but abide with the guidance from the current proliferation of standards, rating, and certification. Challenging situations encompass high initial construction costs that often culminate in expensive and disruptive maintenance. From rock armours in flood protection to undulating road surfaces, heavy self-weight of road embankment fills on yielding subgrade such as peat soils solicit innovative fill designs. Conventional and alternative, sustainable fills are presented in this chapter with insights into new and appropriate technology, opening doors for sustainable innovation in varying construction scenarios.