A Retrospective Study on Rising Trends of Caesarean Section

Background: The indications for Caesarean Section (CS) have changed over time, along with a visible, much-discussed increase in the rate. When performed for a medical reason, C-sections can without a doubt effectively prevent maternal and perinatal mortality. However, there has been little research into the extent of maternal indications and the foetal outcomes of C-sections.

Methods: Data from January to March 2012 and January to March 2017 were obtained through a thorough examination of patient files at the hospital's Medical Records Department. To record the relevant information, a pre-designed proforma was used. Standard statistical methods were used to analyse the data.

Results: Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and foetal distress (FD) remained the leading causes of CS in both groups, accounting for 50.4 percent in the 2012 group and 60.5 percent in the 2017 group. Trends in CS are emerging as a result of maternal demand and tubal ligations. Though the increase in CS was not significant over the 5-year period, rising from 45.41 percent to 48.81 percent, there was a significant increase in deliveries without complications, rising from 74.8 percent to 88.3 percent. Conclusions: According to the study, there was a non-significant increase in the incidence of C-sections during the study period. Major contributory factors observed were CPD and FD, in which it is imperative to perform C-sections. An emerging trend of patient’s desire/demand emerged as a new indication.