Tyrosinase Inhibition and Anti-elastase Activity of Leaves and Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre

Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre is a member of the Clusiaceae family and is native to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. The enzyme tyrosinase catalyzes the first step in two reactions in melanin synthesis (hydroxylation of l-tyrosinase to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and oxidation of L-dopa to dopaquinone). Hyperpigmentation of human skin is a common unwanted phenomenon. Researchers are urged to find potential novel tyrosinase inhibitors for cosmetics, particularly anti-hyperpigmentation. Elastase enzymes can reduce skin elasticity, causing aging.

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and elastase enzymes from the leaves of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre. Successive maceration methods obtained the extracts. Anti-tyrosinase assay using the spectrophotometric method at 490 nm. The enzyme uses tyrosinase from lyophilized mushroom powder (Sigma), and the substrate uses 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, L-DOPA (Sigma). The 100 ppm tyrosinase inhibition test (triplicate) results showed that the leaf extracts, including ethyl acetate extract 33.42 ± 5.98%, hexane extract 50.67 ± 0.47%, and methanol extract 50.68 ± 1.87%. In addition, the bark has the following activities methanol extract of 43.76 ± 1.41% and ethyl acetate extract of 55.71 ± 2.80%. The percentage inhibition of the positive control (kojic acid) was 65.07 ± 0.03% at 100 ppm.

Successive ionic maceration methods obtained extracts. Anti-elastase test using the spectrophotometric method at 405 nm. Enzyme for anti-elastase assay using porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and substrate level using N-Succ-(Ala)3-p-nitroanilide (SANA). Phytochemical screening for the highest anti-elastase inhibiting ion by qualitative test. Results: The results of the 100 ppm elastase inhibition test (double t) showed that the leaf methanol extract was 23.38 ± 8.38%, leaf ethyl acetate extract 28.91 ± 15.19%, leaf hexane extract 8.14 ± 11.20%, the methanol extract of the bark was 24.41 ± 5.32%, and the ethyl acetate extract of the bark was 43.96 ± 12.53%. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate extract of the bark of G. daedalanthera Pierre showed that the section contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and anthraquinones. Application / Authenticity / Value: Ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of G. daedalanthera Pierre had the highest activity as anti elastase.