Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activities of Methanolic Extract of Antidesma bunius (Linn.) (Family Euphorbiaceae) Leaf

Aims: The aim of this study was to find out the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of leaf of Antidesma bunius (Family Euphorbiaceae).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in August 2017 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity activity was determined against brine shrimp nauplii by using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Vincristine Sulphate was used as a positive control. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique. Kanamycin was used as standard.

Results: Crude methanolic extract and its different fractions demonstrated variable cytotoxic activity. Especially, ethyl acetate soluble fraction displayed considerable toxicity toward brine shrimps. The LC50 value of ethyl acetate soluble fraction was 0.589μg/ml, dichloromethane soluble fraction was 0.737μg/ml, n-hexane soluble fraction was 0.894μg/ml and crude methanolic extract was 0.913μg/ml. The LC50 value of standard vincristine sulphate was 0.545μg/ml. The n-hexane soluble fraction exhibited the highest inhibition against microbial growth especially against E.coli DH5 by having a zone of inhibition of 19mm.

Conclusion: Observing the studies, it can be concluded that ethyl acetate soluble fraction of A. bunius leaves possess good cytotoxic activity and n-hexane soluble fraction possess good antibacterial activity. Hence, further studies are suggested to identify the exact bioactive compounds that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects.