Frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies Undergoing Coronary Interventions Patients at Tertiary Hospital

Aims: This study aims to identify the frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA) in coronary intervention receiving patients at tertiary care hospital.

Sample: To obtain the sample size of the study i.e., 228 were selected at a Confidence level of 95%.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary care hospital - National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Sindh-Karachi. Six months after the approval from IRB-NICVD (April 2018 – October 2018).

Methodology: Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used to collect the study data. All Patients of either gender from age 18 to 60 years of age undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention (PCI)/ coronary artery angiography because of substernal chest pain were included.

Results: Total 228 sample population was enrolled in the study, among which 88 (38.6%) were females and 140 (61.4%) were males. CAA was found in the coronary arteries of patients with abnormal aortic valves with a frequency of 1.3 percent. The most often occurring anomaly in our analysis is the separation of the origins of Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) and Left Circumflex Artery (LCx) from the Left Coronary Artery (LCA). The Circumflex Artery resulting from Right Coronary Sinus (RCS)/ Right Coronary Artery (RCA) was the second most often seen anomaly in our analysis, accounting for 22.78 percent of all anomalies. The RCA caused by LCS was the next abnormality, with a 7.59 percent frequency. In three cases, the left major coronary artery was derived from RCS, accounting for 3.8 percent of abnormalities.

Conclusion: Among patients receiving diagnostic coronary angiography, we discovered a 0.9 percent incidence of coronary artery abnormalities. In our research, the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities was 7% among patients who had coronary procedures. The drawback of our research is that we only included individuals who had had coronary angiograms rather than a random sample of the different cardiac tertiary care hospitals.